Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent hematological malignancy in both pediatric and adult populations. Early and accurate detection with precise subtyping is essential for guiding therapy. Conventional workflows are complex, time-consuming, and prone to human error. We present a deep learning framework for automated ALL diagnosis from bone marrow smear images. The method combines a robust preprocessing pipeline with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to standardize image quality and improve inference efficiency. As a key design, we insert a multi-head self-attention (MHSA) block into a VGG19 backbone to model long-range dependencies and contextual relationships among cellular features. To mitigate class imbalance, we train with Focal Loss. Across evaluated architectures, the enhanced VGG19+MHSA trained with Focal Loss achieves 99.25% accuracy, surpassing a strong ResNet101 baseline (98.62%). These results indicate that attention-augmented CNNs, coupled with targeted loss optimization and preprocessing, yield more discriminative representations of leukemic cell morphology. Our approach offers a highly accurate and computationally efficient tool for automated ALL recognition and subtyping, with potential to accelerate diagnostic workflows and support reliable decision-making in clinical settings.

Accurate classification of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) from peripheral blood smear images is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment planning. This study investigates the use of transfer learning with pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to improve diagnostic performance. To address the class imbalance in the dataset of 3,631 Hematologic and 7,644 ALL images, we applied extensive data augmentation techniques to create a balanced training set of 10,000 images per class. We evaluated several models, including ResNet50, ResNet101, and EfficientNet variants B0, B1, and B3. EfficientNet-B3 achieved the best results, with an F1-score of 94.30%, accuracy of 92.02%, andAUCof94.79%,outperformingpreviouslyreported methods in the C-NMCChallenge. Thesefindings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining data augmentation with advanced transfer learning models, particularly EfficientNet-B3, in developing accurate and robust diagnostic tools for hematologic malignancy detection.

A mutation in the DNA of a single cell that compromises its function initiates leukemia,leading to the overproduction of immature white blood cells that encroach upon the space required for the generation of healthy blood cells.Leukemia is treatable if identified in its initial stages. However,its diagnosis is both arduous and time consuming. This study proposes a novel approach for diagnosing leukemia across four stages Benign,Early,Pre,and Pro using deep learning techniques.We employed two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models as MobileNetV2 with an altered head and a custom model. The custom model consists of multiple convolutional layers,each paired with corresponding max pooling layers.We utilized MobileNetV2 with ImageNet weights,adjusting the head to integrate the final results.The dataset used is the publicly available "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Image Dataset", and we applied the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to augment and balance the training dataset.The custom model achieved an accuracy of 98.6%, while MobileNetV2 attained a superior accuracy of 99.69%. The pretrained model showed promising results,indicating an increased likelihood of real-world application.

Leukemia, a severe form of blood cancer, claims thousands of lives each year. This study focuses on the detection of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) using advanced image processing and deep learning techniques. By leveraging recent advancements in artificial intelligence, the research evaluates the reliability of these methods in practical, real-world scenarios. Specifically, it examines the performance of state-of-the-art YOLO models, including YOLOv8 and YOLOv11, to distinguish between malignant and benign white blood cells and accurately identify different stages of ALL, including early stages. Moreover, the models demonstrate the ability to detect hematogones, which are frequently misclassified as ALL. With accuracy rates reaching 98.8%, this study highlights the potential of these algorithms to provide robust and precise leukemia detection across diverse datasets and conditions.

An estimated 300,000 new cases of leukemia are diagnosed each year which is 2.8 percent of all new cancer cases and the prevalence is rising day by day. The most dangerous and deadly type of leukemia is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which affects people of all age groups, including children and adults. In this study, we propose an automated system to detect various-shaped ALL blast cells from microscopic blood smears images using Deep Neural Networks (DNN). The system can detect multiple subtypes of ALL cells with an accuracy of 98 percent. Moreover, we have developed a telediagnosis software to provide real-time support to diagnose ALL subtypes from microscopic blood smears images.

A team of UCLA bioengineers has demonstrated that its technology may go a long way toward overcoming the challenges of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, among the most common types of cancer in children, and has the potential to help doctors personalize drug doses. The five-year survival rate for individuals with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia is about 85 percent, however those who experience a recurrence generally have a poor prognosis and a bone marrow transplant is their only option for a permanent cure. Conventional treatment for this leukemia includes a combination of drugs, which come with short- and long-term side effects. Two of these drugs, 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, can cause liver disease and other life-threatening infections. During the maintenance phase of treatment, which aims to keep individuals in remission, dosing for these two drugs is frequently adjusted through a system of trial and error, which is not always accurate.